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African Americans in American Society 1920s - 2619 Words

African Americans in the 1920s * â€Å"Cast down your bucket where you are. Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Booker T. Washington, 1895 Atlanta Compromise Throughout US history, there is an abundance of racism, segregation and discrimination towards the African American people. In 1619, the first African slaves were brought to Jamestown to produce tobacco, tea, cotton, coffee and other precious commodities. In this time period, 12 million Africans were forcibly transported to the Americas, where they worked as slaves until 1865, where the 13th Amendment abolished slavery. Although suppressed by whites and organisations such as the Ku Klux Klan, African Americans in the 1920s began to work towards social,†¦show more content†¦Despite the cultural developments in Harlem and the formation of the African American identity, white culture found it extremely difficult to accept their black neighbours, leading to racial tensions, and often as a result, lynchings. One such example of racial tension leading to horrific consequences was the Tulsa Race Riots. In 1921, Tulsa Oklahoma was experiencing an economic boom thanks to the di scovery of oil. Due to this African Americans also prospered, although confined to the Greenwood section of the city, also referred to as the Black Wall Street, due to a number of wealthy black entrepreneurs residing there. At this time, membership in the Ku Klux Klan was rising and there was an active chapter in Tulsa. On Memorial Day, a riot was triggered by a report in several white newspapers that a white, female elevator operator had been allegedly raped by black youths. In response to this, rumours circulated around the city that a mob was going to attempt to lynch the youths, then a group of armed African Americans bolted to the local police station in order to stop the lynching mob, that did not exist. AShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between 1920 And The 1920s1367 Words   |  6 Pagesprosperous and advantageous positions in society. With changing definitions representing changing social, political and economic policy, it is no surprise that freedom and prosperity exclude diff erent groups of people, such as immigrants and African Americans during both the 1920s and the 1950s. While both of these periods saw great changes to policies and increased prosperity under these times, the shadows of war and discrimination still left many behind. During the 1920s, freedom was defined by economicRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between The 1920s And 1950s908 Words   |  4 PagesThe 1920’s were a very important era in America for better or worse. There were many issues in relation to race and how people of different ethnic groups were treated. African American had a cultural rejuvenation that being the Harlem Renaissance. The advent of the Ford Model T change the way how people traveled. Many may say an era like the 1950’s were highly comparable. Race related issues were on a decline as America as whole sought to be more accepting and the oppressed started to speak out onRead MoreEssay on Sula1337 Words   |  6 Pages they are also African Ame rican, which further exposes them to mistreatment and pre-determined societal roles. African Americans during the 1920’s were experiencing great social injustices and mistreatment, along with the likes of women who were also experiencing inequality to a lesser degree during this time as well. In her novel Sula, by addressing and shedding light on the many acts of racism and sexism that occurred during the 1920’s, Toni Morrison shows how African American women experiencedRead MoreRacial Discrimination1008 Words   |  5 PagesPrior to the 1920s, it was a time of racial hatred. Starting before the 1800s to the 1920s was the time of slavery. Many whites disliked black people. According to the article â€Å"Blacks Set Out in Search of a Better Life in 1920s American Society† published on VOA, â€Å"Many whites joined the Ku Klux Klan organization†¦ terrorized blacks. Klan members sometimes burned fiery crosses in front of the houses of black families. And t hey sometimes beat and murdered blacks†¦ hated blacks most of all† (VOA). RacialRead MoreThe Counter Culture of the 1920s Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe counter culture of the 1920’s has affected the way the American lifestyle is today. Counter culture is a culture that primarily consists of younger people, with values and lifestyles opposing those of the original established culture. (Dictionary.com) A need for change. The 1920’s are also known as the â€Å"Jazz Age,† which was coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the â€Å"Roaring Twenties.† It was a decade of change. (Hakim, 41) The counterculture of the 1920’s resulted from the Age of Jazz, FlappersRead MoreThe Aftermath of World War I927 Words   |  4 Pages The aftermath of World War I left a lasting impression on the 1920s because America entered the Great War later than the big European countries. This gave them an upper hand in their economic position since they did no t spend as much money as France, Germany, and Britain did. This ignited their unprecedented affluence which had a domino effect in America’s society in terms of government’s relationship to business. Another effect of the First World War is the Red Scare and America’s prejudiceRead MoreThe Critical Impacts Of The Harlem Renaissance1066 Words   |  5 Pagesunderlines the trouble of ethnic issue knowledgeable by African Americans all through the twentieth century. There were numerous critical impacts, for instance, artistic the growth. The Harlem Renaissance was an energetic affiliation amongst the 1920s where African Americans started composed and transported artistry and writing one of a caring to their race, motivating a countless many darks kin to complete in a white overwhelming society. While the American war was a disaster for the confederate south leavingRead MoreThe 1920s transformations greatly affected the American society. There was a dramatic social change700 Words   |  3 PagesThe 1920s transformations greatly affected the American society. There was a dramatic social change and great economic growth in the 1920s that was made possible by the technological revolution. Productivity rose by more than sixty percent and the mass culture’s influence contributed to the progress and advancement of technology and goods. The 1920s was a time of culture wars and an age of incredible affluence and expansion of human rights. Although there were many aspects of this culture that brokeRead MoreCultural Confrontations of the 1920’s: KKK, Scopes Trial Essay1388 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Confrontations of the 1920’s The 1920s were a time of change for the United States. Following the First World War there was a rush of new cultural, social, and artistic dynamism, partly fuelled by the Progressivism movement that was cut short when American entered the Great War. This decade was defined by a change from more rural farm life to industrialism in big cities. The shift from the frugality and traditional family values or previous generations to the happy-go-lucky consumerismRead MoreHarlem Renaissance : The Cultural And Artistic Explosion745 Words   |  3 Pagesthe end of World War 1. The time of the 1920’s was a time of change for everyone. During the 1920’s, the Harlem Renaissance was the most influential movement where African Americans came together and created multiple things that was unique to their race such as; music, literature, poetry, and much more which really impacted the way African Americans stood up together in a country controlled by whites. After the end of slavery, many African Americans from the south migrated to industrial northern

Simple HOW TOs on 5 Paragraph Essay on Leadership

â€Å"Leadership† is one of the most frequently assigned topics of business classes and various scholarship programs. The goal of writing a 5 paragraph essay on leadership  may be to reveal an individual philosophy or to examine personal leadership style. If you happen to be a student with this sort of assignment, you may start your project with defining a thesis, citing different theories, and making use of related illustrations from your past life experiences in order to compose conclusions. Think about the thesis, which is a statement that includes a claim on a particular aspect of leadership, or that provides a detailed comparison between two opposing theories. Proceed to the introductive section. This paragraph involves, firstly, a general statement that informs readers about the essay topic, such as, â€Å"Strong leadership may be the key factor in professional success or it can cause a failure of a business enterprise†. Next step is to build up overall argumentation on the basis of the thesis statement you have made before. Use the last introduction section to attract your audience’s attention and set up the opening paragraph of the essay body. Cite theories in order to support your thesis statement. For instance, you can compare and contrast the main styles suggested by situationalists (democratic, authoritarian, laissez-faire). One more option is to investigate the four styles of the famous path-goal model (directive, supportive, achievement-oriented and participative), defining the most suitable style for each situation. Recall the old days to be able to share your personal experience. The number one goal of a 5 paragraph essay about leadership is both to prove you’re armed with solid theoretical knowledge and to complement your knowledge with real-life situations. Feel free to search for examples in church organizations, government or business world. Make sure to explain in what way your experience supports your theories and do not forget to describe your leadership style. Standard structure of a 5 paragraph project requires you to provide three paragraphs in the body of your essay. Your task is to fill each of them with juicy content providing logical links between the paragraphs. When the time to write a conclusive section finally comes, make sure to restate your thesis statement using different words. Briefly sum up your key points and provide a clear suggestion on how your research may be noteworthy for understanding more important issues (in economic theory or world business trends, for instance) that go far beyond the scope of the project you have completed. If you want, you may turn your essay into a kind of call for action for somebody who happens to be interested in the topic of your assignment.

Unique Cultures in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small...

Unique Cultures in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things and Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart There are a variety of cultures in this world and each culture is unique. Usually when one was born and raised in a certain culture, that person may adapt to that culture for a period of time. It is sometimes difficult to look into someone else’s culture, and understand their culture. Sometimes one must keep an open mind, study the culture, or live in another culture to understand the culture. When reading â€Å"The God of Small Things† by Arundhati Roy, and â€Å"Things Fall Apartâ€Å", by Chinua Achebe one must look beyond their culture to understand how others live in a different culture. When I read Roy’s novel, I did not get a great†¦show more content†¦The twin’s mother, Baby Kochamma, Kochu Maria, and Chacko lived together. This family stuck together through good and bad times throughout this book. If something happened to one of the family members, the whole family was there for each other for love and support. For example, the twin’s mother left their father, because he was an abusive alcoholic. She took her twins with her to live with Baby Kochamma and Chacko. Together they raised the twins. In â€Å"Things Fall Apartâ€Å", the characters were of an African clan. The clan consists of husbands with wives. The men had children from each wife. Women and daughter would serve the father food, and whatever he ordered them to do. The sons would not do much service. They would listen to the father tell them stories, to teach the sons how to be a strong man when they grow up. The men would teach the sons that women were not intelligent. For example, in â€Å"Things Fall Apartâ€Å", the characters were Okwonkwo, his wives and children. There were also some other members of the clan in the story. Okwonkwo was telling his sons stories about masculinity. His son Nwoye knew that these stories were told so he could become a strong man. He should not listen to women tell stories, because they were foolish stories. â€Å"That was the kind of story that Nwoye loved. But he now knew that they were for foolish women and children, and he knew his father wanted him to be a

Smoke and Mirrors Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance Article

Essays on Smoke and Mirrors: Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance by Sikka Article The paper "Smoke and Mirrors: Corporate Social Responsibility and Tax Avoidance by Sikka" is a delightful example of an article on finance and accounting. Sikka focuses on identifying gaps in the organizational talk, decisions, and actions by outlining how companies promise responsible conduct but engage in tax avoidance and evasion. The author outlines that major corporations rarely provide detailed information on their taxation plans, but offer reports that have promises of socially responsible conduct. US government estimates indicate that 66 percent of domestic and 68 percent of foreign corporations did not pay any taxes between 1998-2005. Although corporate tax rates have declined in the UK from 52 percent to 28 percent in 2008, tax avoidance is still high. Developing countries that receive financial aids such as Africa lose about 8 percent of their GDP through transfer pricing and tax avoidance schemes that transfer profits to developed countries. Despite their claim to integri ty and transparency, the author demonstrates that various corporate including professional accounting firms indulge in tax avoidance due to lack of moral compulsion. The hypocrisy is perpetuated by the pursuit of remuneration, profits and media accolades and has led to imprisonment and of executives and corporate fines. Companies engage in social responsibility hypocrisy through corporate talk while their actions indicate disparities in ethical conduct and tax disclosures.   My point of view In my opinion, big corporations have failed to be socially responsible since it is evident they engage in tax avoidance and evasion in order to report higher profits and high share prices. I believe the accounting framework has loopholes that allow firms to avoid or evade taxes through transfer pricing, offshore tax havens and royal programs that are perpetuated by the inconsistencies in their accounting across the globe. In my opinion, the lax corporate governance framework and greed by executives encourage tax avoidance in order for the business to report higher profits and ensure a higher return to shareholders. Professional Accounting firms have failed in their public responsibility of protecting the public interest through ensuring financial records are correct. The accounting firms collude with corporation executives to report higher profits in order to attain higher remuneration and status in society. The big corporations must have the moral obligation to pa y taxes and disclose their tax plans in their financial statements. The taxes help in building the economy through providing the necessary infrastructure thus paying taxes should be both a legal and ethical expectation of any business.

Multiprocessor And Multi-Core System On Operating System

Question: 1. The four (4) main components of a computer system are: Processor: controls the operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions Main memory: stores both data and instructions; I/O modules: which move data between the computer and its external environmentSystem Bus: provides for communication among processors, main memory, and I/O modules Which of the above 4 components do you believe is most important? Why? 2. How would you distinguish between a multiprocessor system and a multicore system? Which system you believe is more efficient? Why? Answer: Task 1: Main Component of Computer system The processor is the main component of the computer system in comparison to main memory, I/O modules and system bus. The processor is useful in managing the operation of the computer system. The operation such as arithmetic and logical operations are performed under processor. The processor is also termed as central processing unit (CPU) (Hsiung Shen, 2010). In CPU, the data and instructions are taken from the storage unit and perform all calculations on the basis of instruction provided. On the other hand, the processor is useful in running the multiple programs at one time (Bolc, 2012). The processor allocates the certain percentage of space for every program and helps in pacing up the program. Moreover, the processor can instruct the computers to provide quick and accurate decisions to the users of computers. The capacity can be increased for analyzing the data and boosting up the computers. Therefore, many people consider the processor before buying personal computers (Hsiung S hen, 2010). For instance, todays computers are considered for gaming purpose. Therefore, customers look for processors that can provide different power level in computing. According to Hsu (2010), the processors is the brain of the computer system that transforms input instruction that is arithmetic, logical operations and control operations into output. Therefore, many processors making companies such as Intel regularly makes advancement in the processors. One or more printed circuit boards are needed for processors in case of large machine (Hwang, 2010). On small workstations and personal computers, CPU is built in single chip. Apart from that CPU is better than main memory because main memory requires continuous supply of power and it can be slower. Apart from that, the I/O modules is less important than processor as the speed of I/O device is slower than CPU and on the other side, the I/O module can slower down the speed of processor of CPU (Kumar et al. 2012). Moreover, processor is effective than system bus as system bus requires clock speed which I much slower as against CPU. Therefore, CPU can be regarded as the main component as it does all th e important work of the computer and all the input and output is based on the result of processor (Yeo et al. 2012). 2. Distinguish between multiprocessor system and multi-core system In multiprocessor system, the processors are located in different chips and processors are interconnected via a backplane bus. The multiprocessor can be helpful in enhancing the performance of the computer system with high speed and accuracy and it may require lower power consumption (Nicolescu Mosterman, 2010). On the other hand, the multi-core system has processor on the same chip. A multi-core system comprises I/O interface, interconnection network, shared memory modules, etc. Apart from that, multiprocessor has two or more than two physical CPUs and each CPU has one or more than one cores. In case of multi-core system, the only one physical CPU is linked with the CPU but can have more than one core in the central processing unit. On the other hand, in case of multi-core system does not require supply of power to every CPU in comparison to multiprocessor (S Suresh Kumar, 2013). Moreover, multiprocessor system allows CPU to perform work in parallel that is simultaneous multiprocessing whereas, multi-core system linked with multiple execution cores and CPU perform in parallel on different operations which is termed as chip-level multiprocessing. Multi-core system Multiprocessor system Processor power consumption Low High Processor Performance Low High Total Power Consumption Relatively low Relatively high Integration level All processors are on the same chip Each processor has different chip If selection is to be made between multiprocessor and multi-core system, then multi-core system can be much effective than former. The processing speed can be increased as total cores act as a processing unit. On the other hand, if the multi-core system is used, then CPU can deliver and process more data with the same rate of clock frequency. Therefore, it can be helpful for the users to take quick decisions. The employment of multithread with single core can be done with much ease with the multi-core processors (Uuz, 2012). On the other hand, the complex task can be easily performed by the CPU and also at low energy consumption. Therefore, the burden from power can be reduced and more number of tasks can be done in quick time. The CPU cache memory can be shared by multi-core system and separate use of cache can be reduced for each core. The computer can work faster in case certain programs such as web browser, office suite, video games, etc (Xu Ge, 2012). On the other hand, the com puter may not get high heated whenever the computer is turned on. References Bolc, L. (2012). Computer vision and graphics. Heidelberg: Springer. Hsiung, P., Shen, J. (2010). Dynamic reconfigurable network-on-chip design. Hershey, Pa.: IGI Global (701 E. Chocolate Avenue, Hershey, Pennsylvania, 17033, USA). Hsu, C. (2010). Algorithms and architectures for parallel processing. Berlin: Springer. Hwang, Y. (2010). Transaction level model based performance estimation and system generation. Irvine, Calif.: University of California, Irvine. Kumar, D., C. Jha, P., K. Kapur, P., Dinesh Kumar, U. (2012). Optimal Component Selection Problem for Cots Based Software System under Consensus Recovery Block Scheme: A Goal Programming Approach. International Journal Of Computer Applications, 47(4), 9-14. doi:10.5120/7174-9814 Nicolescu, G., Mosterman, P. (2010). Model-based design for embedded systems. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. S, M., Suresh Kumar, S. (2013). Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Signal and Image Processing 2012 (ICSIP 2012). New Delhi: Springer. Uuz, H. (2012). A hybrid system based on information gain and principal component analysis for the classification of transcranial Doppler signals. Computer Methods And Programs In Biomedicine, 107(3), 598-609. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2011.03.013 Xu, C., Ge, H. (2012). An Application Research on Configuration Software System Platform Based on Component Technology. Computer And Information Science, 5(3). doi:10.5539/cis.v5n3p76 Yeo, S., Pan, Y., Lee, Y., Chang, H. (2012). Computer science and its applications. Dordrecht: Springer.

Business Law Corporation

Question: Write an essay on Business Law Assignment? Answer: Business Law Assignment Every individual is a legal person, but legal personality is a synthetic assemble, which might be conferred. The corporation derived from the logical expansion of the separation of legal personality from the humanity. The cluster of human being betrothed in common action jointly may try to simplify their work by gaining the status of legal personality. In the most of the capitalist countries, the limited liability company since its incorporation in 19th century plays a significant role in economic matters. However, several times because of companies limited liability, some undue hardship occurred for the creditors. Accordingly, the statutes of the countries may be equipped to recline the doctrine of the companys separate legal personality in a particular situation and shareholders make to be personally liable. The business practice, however, changed over the past century because of certain factors including globalisation and the competition. The doctrine of limited liability is not devoid of limits. The combination of limited liability and corporate personality was to produce the economic growth at the dawn of the industrial revolution. The combination of corporate personality and limited liability has the potentiality of abuse. As a result, the judiciary and Parliament limited the doctrine of separate personality in some situations. The case of Salomon v Salomon also incorporated the doctrine of lifting the corporate veil. Precedents of Salomon v Salomon The House of Lords set down the subsequent essential values of a company: Artificial Person The company means the juristic person without possessing the body of an ordinary living being. The existence of it depends upon consideration of the law. The officers, shareholders, directors and corporate managers are accountable for the management and daily business of a company. However, these individuals always symbolise the company. As, they only perform the duties, which are conferred upon them, they are within the scope of authority of the enterprise. They combine the company, and not bind themselves. Limited Liability One of the most significant rewards of trading by using a limited company is that the associates of the business are legally responsible for donating towards the payment of its debts to a limited degree. In the case of a company limited by shares, the legal responsibility of the shareholders to contribute would be measured by the minimum value of his or her shares. In this regard, we can say that once the shareholders have paid that minimum amount previously and any other premium agreed to when the shares were issued, he or she is not liable anymore to donate anything further. The formation of the company may be with unlimited liability of its associates, or the members may ensure the particular amount. In such cases, there is no limited legal responsibility of the members because of non-payment of the nominal or face value and the premium of the shares the held. The members have to pay the whole amount continually in the case of an unlimited liability company. In case the company is not able to pay the debts, its creditors may file the petition for wind up in the court. Formation of the separate legal unit is the chief benefit of incorporation. In the true scenario, individuals always carry out the business of the artificial person. In the final analysis, a few human beings are the actual recipients of the corporate rewards. Lifting the corporate veil There are chances that the corporate personality of a company can be engaged in committing frauds or improper, illegal acts. The corporate personality faade could be uninvolved to recognise the guilty person because an artificial person incapable of doing anything illicit or fraudulent. This move is called lifting the corporate veil. Usually, the courts would not obstruct and fundamentally go by the standard of a separate body as discussed in the Solomons case. However, in the meanwhile, the courts realise that there can be falsified and harmful schemes made by the associates and members of the companies. The standard of Solomons case cannot be extended to all the companies. The court may be the attention of the members of the corporate in universal, or in the public significance of identifying and punishing those persons who use the means of the corporate personality wrongly. The conditions under which the Court is lifting the corporate veil may be discussed as follows: Statutory Provisions There are express provisions of the company law that has to be followed in case of the scenario of piercing of lifting the veil of the corporate personality. Otherwise, we can say, the advantage of the limited liability and separate entity might not be permitted to enjoy in some definite circumstances. Reduction of membership In case, the number of associates are below the legislative minimum, and still the companies ensures the business away from that statutory minimum, or while the number of members is so concentrated, the court and the law can lift or pierce the corporate veil. The lifting of the corporate veil should be under the applicable law, and should formulate the persons behind that company who is personally liable for that act. Misrepresentation in prospectus If there is a misrepresentation in the catalog, every promoter, director and the other persons, who are liable for such issue of the brochure, sustains the liability towards the individuals who had borrowed the shares on the faith of that untrue statement. Misdescription of name Where any bill of exchange, order of any kind of money, or any contract is signed by an officer of the company, such officer shall be personally liable of such contracts in case the company name is not properly stated or even not stated. Fraudulent conduct In case the members of the company are in the conspiracy to wind up the company, it can be assumed that the business of the company has been continued with the intention to defraud the creditors of company. They deprived the other persons related to the company, or for any of the fraudulent purpose, such person may be held personally liable by the court for any of the liability of the company . Liability for ultra vires acts Officers, members or the directors of the enterprise personally are liable for all the acts, which they have conducted during their involvement on companys behalf if such acts are ultra vires to the policy of the company. The problem with Salomon v Salomon and the Corporate Groups The worlds condition has changed since Salomon v Salomon. Because of the economic developments in the twentieth century, there was a revolution of the business structure of the world. A set of subsidiary and the holding companies other than the single company performs the businesses nowadays. The standard of Salomon was universal to cover up the complicated situation of the transnational inter-corporate group venture. These enterprises mean the controlling major company operates its business through some subsidiary companies, even in case individual company has its entity. This principle in Salomon plays a significant role till now. However, there are some controversies with the extensions of Salomon. Firstly, the question arises about the legitimacy of the corporate groups. The corporate groups operated as one economic unit, but they are enjoying the status of separate corporate personality. It was recommended that the courts accept the application of the Corporate Personality within the corporate groups without considering the consequences. The doctrine of the separate corporate personality was made to defend the shareholders of the natural persons. The corporate assemblies created new problems regarding the challenges to the traditional orthodoxy. Secondly, the shareholders of individuals offered to be protected by holding companies or the corporate groups, but it has not been cleared that when the protection in question is lifted. It was contended that the law is not on the same pace as the progress of the commercial world. The corporate groups exploited the company rules. A classic example of exploitation of the principles of Salomon is Adams v Cape Industries Plc. There was negligence of Cape Industries Plc involved in the mining of asbestos in South Africa, which caused an asbestos infection to the claimant and others. A judgment obtained from the United States. As there is no branch of Capes in the United States, the judgment is not being enforced on the Capes. By establishing the subsidiary companies in the foreign countries, the parent companies enjoyed the profits. However, in case the subsidiary company fails, the parent company would not take any responsibility as there is an application of the strict rule of Salomon about limited liability. The modern legal situation The company trading has limited liability given by law. The principles of Salomon criticised several times, but the court has reaffirmed this once and again. There is a narrow ground of lifting the corporate veil, but the judiciary lacks uniformity and gives an inconsistent reaction. The Court might lift the corporate veil in the field of outstanding organisation and faade or sham. The courts can cut the corporate veil on the ground of sham or faade. In Gilford Motor Co v Horne, the Appeal Court has lifted the corporate veil and allow the injunction in opposition to the newly established company of the defendant and the defendant himself. The company of the respondent has the purpose of facilitating that person to conquer the terms of his restraining agreement from his previous employers. In the case of Jones v Lipman, the principle of the above mentioned case was followed. In this case, the defendant establishes a company to receive a land that the defendant was obligated to transfe r by a first agreed contract. The conclusion is that the lifting of corporate veil is possible in circumstances when the structure of corporate was abused for escaping from existing predicted liability. In Trustor AB v Smallbone and Others, there was a transfer of funds made by a managing director of the appellant company to the company prescribed by its managing director. Court entitled to lift the corporate veil. The court recognises the amount acceptance by the company as of the personality in case the individual used the company as a tool or faade to hide the facts and avoid the liability of the person. It can be said that there are no precise boundaries of the faade ground. Is the modern legal situation satisfactory? The legislations deal with a particular problem that has been arisen by the mixing of several statutes, by which the corporate groups get a various scope for exploitation of the law. In Adams, the court held that risk allocation and calculating the liability of the corporate groups is a justifiable use of group structure. Although, later it held that in the realistic perception, the sham is the actual basis of lifting the corporate veil. Corporate groups offered the current norms of the commercial reality: first is the autonomy and integrity of the corporate, set up in the standard of Salomon and the other is the public policy to protect the economically damaging or ethically abuses by the corporate groups. The test of corporate veil is unfair. The legal position of the shareholders treats equally by both types, such as natural persons and parent companies, by providing similar legal protection. As there is no clear guidance about the constitution of mere faade by the corporate groups, corporate groups can freely operate the structure as they please. Conclusion Salomons case thoroughly established that a company has a legal and independent personality separate from its member individuals, but also stated that corporate veil may be lifted. In the exceptional case, there is an ignorance of the corporate personality, and the individuals may be recognised as the whole company. Modern legislative is not able to cover the certain problems. The courts are reluctant to restrain the obvious utilisation of the principles in Salomon by the corporate groups. The current legal circumstance is not satisfactory from the point of view of policy, specifically as per the group structure of modern businesses. References Adams v Cape Industries Plc[1990] Ch 433. Armour, J. and Ringe, W.G., 2013. European Company Law 1999-2010: renaissance and crisis.Law Ukr.: Legal J., p.144. Blauberger, M. and Krmer, R.U., 2014. Europeanisation with Many Unknowns: National Company Law Reforms after Centros.West European Politics,37(4), pp.786-804. Buhmann, K., 2011. The Danish CSR Reporting Requirement: Migration of CSR-Related International Norms into Companies' Self-Reglation through Company Law?.European Company Law,8(2-3), pp.65-73. Campbell, J.C., 2015. Corporate Law, the Courts and Corporate Personality.Company and Securities Law Journal,33(4), pp.227-238. Craig, P. and De Brca, G., 2011.EU law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press. Dalal, A.S., 2011. Analysis of takeover defenses and hostile takeover.COMPANY LAW JOURNAL,1(3). Deva, S., 2011. Sustainable development: what role for the company law?.International and Comparative Corporate Law Journal,8, pp.76-102. Eckardt, M. and Kerber, W., 2013. Horizontal and Vertical Regulatory Competition in EU Company Law: The Case of the European Private Company (SPE). Esser, I.M., 2011. Corporate Social Responsibility: A company law perspective.SA Mercantile Law Journal= SA Tydskrif vir Handelsreg,23(3), pp.317-335. Gilford Motor Co v Horne[1933]Ch 935. Gluck, A.R., 2011. Intrastatutory Federalism and Statutory Interpretation: State Implementation of Federal Law in Health Reform and Beyond.The Yale Law Journal, pp.534-622. Guo, F. and Anan, L., 2012. Investors' Revolution, Shareholders' Activism and the Structural Change of Company Law [J].Science of Law (Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law),2, p.017. Hao, X.U., 2013. On the Relation between Transfer of Shares and Obtaining Shareholder Status in Company LawReview on Judgment No. 0011 Civil Final Decision of2009 in Anhui Province.Northern Legal Science,2, p.009. Shum, P.K. and Yam, S.L., 2011. Ethics and law: Guiding the invisible hand to correct corporate social responsibility externalities.Journal of business ethics,98(4), pp.549-571. Trustor AB v Smallbone and Others[2001]EWHC 703 (Ch). Armour, J. and Ringe, W.G., 2013. European Company Law 1999-2010: renaissance and crisis.Law Ukr.: Legal J., p.144. Blauberger, M. and Krmer, R.U., 2014. Europeanisation with Many Unknowns: National Company Law Reforms after Centros.West European Politics,37(4), pp.786-804. Buhmann, K., 2011. The Danish CSR Reporting Requirement: Migration of CSR-Related International Norms into Companies' Self-Reglation through Company Law?.European Company Law,8(2-3), pp.65-73. Campbell, J.C., 2015. Corporate Law, the Courts and Corporate Personality.Company and Securities Law Journal,33(4), pp.227-238. Craig, P. and De Brca, G., 2011.EU law: text, cases, and materials. Oxford University Press. Eckardt, M. and Kerber, W., 2013. Horizontal and Vertical Regulatory Competition in EU Company Law: The Case of the European Private Company (SPE). Gluck, A.R., 2011. Intrastatutory Federalism and Statutory Interpretation: State Implementation of Federal Law in Health Reform and Beyond.The Yale Law Journal, pp.534-622. Esser, I.M., 2011. Corporate Social Responsibility: A company law perspective.SA Mercantile Law Journal= SA Tydskrif vir Handelsreg,23(3), pp.317-335. Dalal, A.S., 2011. Analysis of takeover defenses and hostile takeover.COMPANY LAW JOURNAL,1(3). Guo, F. and Anan, L., 2012. Investors' Revolution, Shareholders' Activism and the Structural Change of Company Law [J].Science of Law (Journal of Northwest University of Political Science and Law),2, p.017. Hao, X.U., 2013. On the Relation between Transfer of Shares and Obtaining Shareholder Status in Company LawReview on Judgment No. 0011 Civil Final Decision of2009 in Anhui Province.Northern Legal Science,2, p.009. Adams v Cape Industries Plc[1990] Ch 433. Campbell, J.C., 2015. Corporate Law, the Courts and Corporate Personality.Company and Securities Law Journal,33(4), pp.227-238. Jones v Lipman [1962] 1 WLR 832 Trustor AB v Smallbone and Others[2001]EWHC 703 (Ch). Shum, P.K. and Yam, S.L., 2011. 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